2017 年专升本英语真题
2017年军队院校生长军官招生文化科目统一考试
大专毕业生士兵专升本英语试题
考 生 须 知 | 1.考试时间120分钟,满分为100分 2.将部别、姓名、考生号分别填涂在试卷及答题卡上。 3.所有答案均须填涂在答题卡上,填涂在试卷上的答案一律无效。 4.考试结束后,试卷及答题卡全部上交并分别封存 |
一．快速阅读（共10分，每小题1分）
When we begin to look marriage in the Victorian era and compare it to the modern marriage wecannot eliminate all the time in between.Through time,marriage and the role of women in marriagehave evolved.We will begin to examine the reasons for marriage and divorce,and of course attitudestowards women.
Why Victorian women married
There are several factors that influenced women during the Victorian age to marry.Many ofthese were a lack of choice.First,we need to deal with education to understand why women married.Women were left uneducated in many areas of life.They had no control over their education andwere only taught about domestic duties.Starting at a young age,they were taught that a womanshould get married and have children.They were born,raised and educated to become wives andnothing else.A woman was not expected to work unless she was in the lower class and had nochoice.
As a result of lack of education,women were expected to marry in order to find someone tosupport them,since they did not have the knowledge to do many jobs.These social and financialpressures compelled(迫)women into getting married. Women often married someone becausetheir parents would search for a man who would be wealthy,have a title and could advance theirsocial status. They did not want to risk being shunned(避开)by their families by not marryingsomeone in a higher class.If a woman were to get engaged and break it off she would risk living therest of her life as a spinster(老处女).This was the ultimate way to lose social position.
Change from Victorian to modern
The progression from Victorian marriage to modern marriage was a slow process. In the 1960s the sexual revolution was a time when women began to exercise their power and freedoms more publicly. At this point in history women were beginning to marry for happiness and not because of compulsion. In fact, marriages were not that picture-perfect. Women began to work more and more outside of the home, and during war time were asked to take on more of the jobs that their husbands had left behind when they went away to war. Women started the battle to begin to earn as much as men, although this is a battle that still continues today.
Laws that helped women
Beginning in the 1840s,a series of laws were passed that began to allow women in marriage tohave a bit more control.With the passage in 1839 of the Infants and Child Custody(监护)Act,women were allowed to take custody of their children under the age of seven if divorced orseparated.In 1857 ordinary divorce was established in England through the Divorce Act.Thisallowed for the court to order payments to a divorced or separated wife.The wife could inheritproperty and protect her wages from a husband who deserted her.As we move forward to 1870,theMarried Women's Property Act allowedfor women to keep their earnings and even inherit personalproperty and money.Everything else still belonged to her husband if she had acquired it before orafter marriage.In 1883 the Custody Acts allowed for women to be awarded custody of children up tothe age of 16.Slowly but surely,womenwere gaining control over themselves,their children and their possessions.In 1882 a woman could finally keep all personal and real property that she had gotbefore and during her marriage.
Divorce in the modern age
Divorce,unlike during the Victorian period,is a lot more acceptable.Now when a couple gets adivorce,the woman is more likely to get the custody of her children than the man.The courts arevery hesitant to take a child away from its mother except in special circumstances.Divorce is nowseen as a way to get out of marriage as a result of any type of unhappiness.
Modern marriage
Women these days have a lot more control over their marriage than they used to.A woman isfree to marry who she wants for the most part.She can choose to be married as well as have a career.If a woman is unable to have kids,there are many options that would help her get pregnant.Evenchoosing not to have kids is not looked down upon as it used to be.It is surprising how things haveprogressed from an era wherethe man had so much control of his household to a period where thecouple works together to make decisions.Society does not have as much control over the lives ofmarried couples as it had in the past.People have choices and society is usually acceptingof thesechoices.
问题1-7,填写Y(符合文章内容);N(不符合文章内容);NG(文章未提及).问题8-10,根据文章内容补全句子。
1.This passage mainly discusses the reasons for marriage, marriage and law,and the role of women.
2.In the Victorian age women were only educated to become housewives.
3.Social and financial pressures are not the main reason why Victorian women got married.
4.Victorian girls wanted to marry rich men with titles because it would help improve their socialposition.
5.Women beganto have more power and freedom,and to marry for happiness,in the 1960s.
6.Women’s battle to earn thesame amount of pay as men has succeeded.
7.Laws like the Divorce Act and the Custody Acts helped women succeed in both career and familylife.
8.According to the Married Women's Property Act, women have the right to inherit.
9.In the past,if womenchose not to bear children they would be.
10.Surprisingly, marriage haschanged from the husband controlling the household to the couple.
二．选择填空（共20分，每小题1分）
11.The brake of your bicycle has come loose.You'd betterit.
A.settle B.fix C.pick D.correct
12.I hope you don't mind me asking,where did you buy those shoes?
A.so B.and C.yet D.but
13.Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are____in grocery store.
A.readyB.approachable C.availableD.probable
14.—Tom often has bread for breakfast,____ he?
—Yes,he____.
A. doesn't; has B.didn't;did C.hasn't;has D.doesn't;does
15.He will surely finish the job on time if he ____to do it in his own way.
A.is leaving B. will leave C. leaves D.is left
16.He always did well at school ____having to do part-time jobs every now and then.
A. in spite of B. instead of C. in case of D. in favor of
17.____second thoughts I'm quite content to stay for the time being.
A. To B. On C. In D.As
18.It is hard for me to imagine what I will be doing today if I ____in love, at the age of seven, with the library in my
hometown.
A.wouldn't have fallen B.should not fall
C.had not fallen D.were not to fall
19.If Tim keeps working like this, he'll____sooner or later.
20.The dentist said there wasn't____wrong with her teeth.
A.something B.nothing C.anything D.none
21.—Dear me! I've been in America for a month.
—____ you are settled, why don't you take up some serious work?
A.If B.Now that C.When D.Even if
22.It was____great shock to the world that two airplanes crashed into____World Trade Center in New York in September 11,2001.
A.a;./ B.the;the C.a;the D./;the
23. In the west, people make____a rule to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends.
A.this B.that C.it D.the following
24.—How can I mend it?
—Well, look at the____,please.
A.explanations B.expressions C.instructions D.introductions
25.To my delight, I____from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A.was chosen B.was being chosen C.would choose D.had chosen
26.Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication ____the advertiser pays
for the message to be delivered.
A.in that B.in which C.in order that D.in the way
27.—Do you have these shoes in size eight?
—I'm not sure. I'll just go and ____out.
A.sell B.send C.watch D.find
28.This is purely ____problem, not a political one.
A.additional B.advantage C.announce D.academic
29.____,we couldn't work in the small room where there is no air conditioner.
A.Being a hot day B.It being a hot day
C.It being hot a day D.Because the day being hot
30.—I'd like to take a week's holiday.
— ____,we are too busy.
A. Don't worry B. Don't mention it C. Forget it D. Pardon me
三．阅读理解（共 30 分，每小题 2 分）
Passage 1
A few years ago I was shopping with a friend and his 12-year-old daughter in downtown San Francisco. A street musician, whom my friend happened to know from his own musician day, was playing the saxophone on a street corner. His name was Clifford, and he had attracted a large crowd with his performance. After he finished, my friend introduced him to me and his daughter. Clifford asked her if she played any instrument. When she replied that she was taking trumpet lessons and played in her junior high school band, he said, “That's fine, little lady. Learn your instrument well and you can play anything.”
Somehow these simple yet wise words struck me as appropriate not only for a trumpet player but also for a reader. If you learn to read well, you can read anything you want-not just newspapers and magazines, but more difficult material like philosophy, film criticism, military history-whatever interests you as your confidence grows. You would not be limited in any way. If you have the vocabulary-or at least a good dictionary near at hand-you can pick up a book, concentrate on it, and made sense of the author's words.
In the United States, reading instruction often ends at elementary school, so students sometimes have difficulty as they progress through school. They must take their assignments, armed only with their elementary school reading skills. The result, too often, is frustration and loss of confidence. And the assigned reading in your college courses will be even greater than they were in high school. Developing Reading Skills is designed to accomplish several tasks: to show you the skills that will enable you to read with greater comprehension, to help you cope with reading assignment with confidence, and to teach you to become an active reader.
31.The author develops his point by starting with____.
A. an example B. an incident C. a statement D. a contrast
32.Which of the following statements is implied in Paragraph 1?
A. Clifford was good at playing the saxophone.
B. The author's friend was once a street musician.
C. The 12-year-old girl played the trumpet very poorly.
D. Clifford was a good music teacher.
33. “Struck...as appropriate” in Line 1,Paragraph 2 most probably means____.
A. seemed to be appropriate B. thought to be appropriate
C. attacked to be appropriate D. found to be appropriate
34.With good reading skills, you can____.
A. understand anything you read without difficulty
B. work out the author's meaning if only you concentrate on the book
C. understand what you read with the help of a good dictionary
D. concentrate on whatever you read
35. We can infer from the last paragraph that Developing Reading Skills____.
A. is directed to elementary school students
B. centers around vocabulary building skills
C. offers elementary reading skills
D. aims at helping students read better
Passage 2
From bankers to factory staff, employees in the West face a cold prospect of losing their jobs as a global recession(衰退)starts to bite. For colleagues in the East, the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut.
Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian companies try harder to preserve jobs in difficult times, which will prevent unemployment and may help Asian economies survive at a time of slowing exports. The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for companies to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, but build up a more loyal and devoted group.
“In the Confucian mindset(儒家思想),the right thing to do is to share the burden, which is the sense of collective responsibility. While in the West ,it's more about individual survival,” said Michael Benoliel, associate professor of
organizational behavior at Singapore Management University(SMU).
In contrast, local Western companies from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousands, but at the Asian units of Western multinationals or western units of Asian groups, job cuts will probably be less severe.
Japan's jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 percent in January, while Hong Kong's was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January.
Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals(对手)from abroad.
36.The underlined word “prospect” in the first paragraph most probably means____.
A. weather B. scene C. future D. place
37.Compared with job cuts, pay cuts can bring the following benefits EXCEPT that____.
A .it's helpful to the economy recovery
B. it costs the company less money to survive
C. it will keep the experienced and skilled workers
D. it can form a team working harder and more loyally
38.According to Michael Benoliel, the Confucian mindset focuses on____.
A. human rights B. sharing responsibility
C. personal profits D. individual survival
39. In which company can we inter the job cuts will be probably the most severe?
A.A local American group.
B.A small Japanese company.
C.A German branch of a Korean multinational.
D.A Hong Kong's unit of a French company.
40.The passage mainly tells us____.
A. the difficulties all the companies around the world will meet with today
B. the cultural differences between Eastern and Western world at present
C. the ways to cut down the cost of the companies in economic downturn
D. the different labor solutions of Asian and Western in global recession
Passage 3
It's one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse's brain. But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to “cure” mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite(寄生虫), reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans ,especially pregnant women-it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite's effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat’s urine before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that's not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought-even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell, which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans? The answer lies in evolution.
“It's exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way”. Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring.“Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away.” She said, but this study has proven that wrong. “This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine.”
41.The passage is mainly about
A. mice's inborn terror of cats
B. the evolution of Toxoplasma gondii
C. a new study about the effects of a parasite on mice
D. a harmful parasite called Toxoplasma gondii
42.The underlined part “ hard-wired” in Paragraph 1 probably means____.
A. deeply rooted B. quickly changed
C. closely linked D. deeply hurried
43.The experiment found that mice infected with toxoplasma gondii____.
A. stayed far away from cat's urine B. moved around the area freely and fearlessly
C. because more sensitive to cat's smell D. were more afraid of cats
44.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.Toxoplasma gondii causes all people strange and deadly diseases.
B. With certain infection, the infectious disease cannot be cured completely.
C. Human beings infected by Toxoplasma gondii will have everlasting brain damage.
D.Toxoplasma gondii is harmful to human beings, but it does no harm to mice.
45.The author's attitude towards the experiment is____.
A. positive B. subjective C. negative D. objective
四、完形填空(共 15 分,每小题 1 分)
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 46 to how they can be best accommodate such changes. Growing bodies need movement and 47 ,but not just in ways that emphasize competition. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 48 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 49 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 50 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, 51 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 52 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 53 dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many 54 students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 55 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 56 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 57 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 58 .This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 59 ,they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 60 for roles that are within their capability and their attention spans and by havings clearly stated rules.
46.A.thought B. idea C. opinion D. advice
47.A.care B. nutrition C. exercise D. leisure
48.A.assistance B. guidance C. confidence D. tolerance
49.A.claimed B. admired C. ignored D. surpassed
50.A.improper B. risky C. fair D. wise
51.A.displaying B. describing C. creating D. exchanging
52.A.few B. excessive C. expensive D. multiple
53.A.group B. individual C. personnel D. corporation
54.A.wild B. shy C. outgoing D. friendly
55.A.similar B. long C. different D. short
56.A.if only B. now that C. so that D. even if
57.A.everything B. anything C. nothing D. something
58.A.off B. down C. out D. alone
59.A.On the contrary B. On the average C. On the whole D. On the other hand
60.A.making B. standing C. planning D. taking
五、翻译（共 15 分，每小题 3 分）
61. 陈大夫整个晚上都在为伤员做手术。
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
62. 我记得以前在电视上见过他,但我不能肯定。
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————
63. 汤姆失业了,不是因为他年纪过大,而是因为他懒惰。
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————
64. 我期待着再次见到他, 因为我们已经整整十年没有见面了。
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————
65.这些士兵接受了严格的训练,并且对完成这项新任务有充分的准备。
———————————————————————————————————————————————————
六、书面写作（共 10 分）
66. 请以“Shopping Online”为题，写一篇不少于 120 词的英语短文，内容主要包括：近年来社会上出现网购热；
人们对此现象有不同的反应；你对此现象的看法。
2017年度军队院校生文化科目统一考试
《专升本英语》答案与解析
红兵教育军考研究院
2017 年大专毕业生士兵专升本英语试题参考答案
一、快速阅读
【文章大意】文章主要讲述了结婚和离婚的原因,人们对妇女的态度等。
1.【答案】N.
【详解】根据第一段的主题句 We will begin to examine the reasons for marriage and divorce, and of course attitudes towards women,可知文章主要讲述了结婚和离婚的原因, 人们对妇女的态度等。
2.【答案】Y.
【详解】根据第二段 They were born, raised and educated to become wives and nothing else,可知该句正确。
3.【答案】N.
【详解】根据第三段 These social and financial pressures compelled(强迫)women into getting married 可知该句错误。
4.【答案】Y
【详解】根据第三段 Women often married someone because their parents would search for a man who would be wealthy, have a title and could advance their social status,可知该句正确。
5.【答案】Y.
【详解】根据第四段 In the 1960s the sexual revolution was a time when women began to exercise their power and freedoms more publicly At this point in history women were beginning to marry for happiness and not because of compulsion,可知该句正确。
6.【答案】NG.
【详解】文章并没有提到妇女同男性同工同酬的斗争最终取得了胜利。
7.【答案】N.
【详解】根据第五段 With the passage in 1839 of the Infants and Child Custody(监护)Act, women were allowed to take custody of their children under the age of seven if divorced or separated. In 1857 ordinary divorce was established in England through the Divorce Act. This allowed for the court to order payments to a divorced or separated wife,可知这些法律只能在家庭生活方面帮助妇女。
8.【答案】personal property and money.
【详解】根据第五段 As we move forward to 1870,the Married Women's Property Act allowed for women to keep their earnings and even inherit personal property and money 可知,能继承个人财产。
9.【答案】looked down upon.
【详解】根据最后一段 Even choosing not to have kids is not looked down upon as it used to be 可知,过去选择不生孩子会被看不起。
10.【答案】working together to make decisions.
【详解】根据最后一段 It is surprising how things have progressed from an era where the man had so much control of his household to a period where the couple works together to make decisions 可知,现在夫妇共同做决定。
二、选择填空
11.【答案】B.
【详解】settle“解决”；fix“固定，修理”；pick“拉”；correct“改正”。
【句意】你自行车的闸松了，你最好修理一下。
12.【答案】D.
【详解】so“因此”;and“并且”;yet“然而”;but“但是”。
【句意】我希望你不介意我问一下，但是你在哪买的这些鞋?
13.【答案】C.
【详解】ready“准备好的”;approachable“可进入的,易接近的”;available“可得到的, 有空的”;probable“可能的”.
【句意】已经做好的方便食物可以在杂货店买到。
14. 【答案】D.
【详解】陈述句中的 has 是实意动词,所以反义疑问句中用助动词 doesn't; 第二空也是用助动词 does 回答。
【句意】——汤姆早餐经常吃面包,不是吗? ——是的,他经常吃面包。
15.【答案】D.
【详解】if 引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来, 排除 A, B；he 和 leave“使处于某种状态”是被动关系,所以用被动语态。
【句意】要是让他用自己的方式做,他一定会按时完成这项工作。
16.【答案】A.
【详解】in spite of “尽管”; instead of“代替”; in case of“万一”; in favor of“支持”。
【句意】尽管时不时地要做兼职工作,他在学校里学得很好。
17.【答案】B.
【详解】on second thoughts“回头一想;退一步想;再三考虑”。
【句意】回头一想,暂时我很满意待在这儿。
18.【答案】C.
【详解】根据 at the age of seven,可知从句中是与过去事实不符的虚拟语气,所以用 had done 的形式。
【句意】要是在七岁时我没有喜欢上家乡的图书馆,今天我很难想象我会在做什么。
19.【答案】A.
【详解】break down“瘫痪，跨掉”; give off“放出”; get down“下车,开始”;hold on“稍等, 坚持住”。
【句意】如果 Tim 一直像那样工作,他迟早会垮掉。
20.【答案】C.
【详解】 something“一些事情”; nothing“什么也没有”; anything“任何事情”, 用于否定句;none“一点也没有”。
【句意】牙医说她的牙齿没有任何毛病。
21.【答案】B.
【详解】If“如果”; Now that“既然”; When“当......时”; Even if“即使”。
【句意】——天哪, 我来美国都一个月了。——既然你安顿下来了, 为什么不找一些正式工作?
22.【答案】C.
【详解】shock“令人吃惊的事”是可数名词,这里是泛指,所以用 a; 第二空是普通名词构成的专有名词, 所以用 the.
【句意】在 2011 年 9 月 11 日,两架飞机撞向了世贸大楼,令世界震惊。
23.【答案】C.
【详解】这里 it 作形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式短语 to send Christmas present to their relatives and friends.
【句意】在西方,人们把给亲朋好友发送圣诞礼物作为一项规则。
24.【答案】C.
【详解】explanation“解释”;expression“表达”;instruction“说明”;introduction“介绍”。
【句意】——我如何修理它? ——哦, 请看说明。
25.【答案】A.
【详解】根据语境,可知“我”是被挑选出来的, 所以用被动语态, 排除 C,D; 题目讲述的是过去的事实, 而不是正在被挑选, 所以用一般过去时。
【句意】令我高兴的是, 我是从上百个申请者中挑选出来参加开幕式的。
26.【答案】A.
【详解】in that“因为”; in which 引导定语从句; in order that“为了”; in the way“挡路”。
【句意】广告区别于其他形式的交流, 因为广告商需要为信息的传播付费。
27.【答案】D.
【详解】 sell out“卖完”;send out“发送”;watch out“监视”;find out“查明”。
【句意】——这些鞋有八号的吗? ——我不确定, 我去看一下。
28.【答案】D.
【详解】 additional“额外的”; advantage“优势”; announce“宣布”; academic“学术的”。
【句意】这是一个纯学术问题, 不是政治问题。
29.【答案】B.
【详解】句子的主语是 we, Being a hot day 的逻辑主语是 it,排除 A; because 是连词, 需要连接句子, 不能用非谓语动词, 排除 D;“一个热天”用 a hot day.
【句意】天很热，我们不能在没有空调的小屋子里工作。
30.【答案】C.
【详解】根据 we are too busy,可知“不要想了”,所以用 Forget it. Don't worry“不要担心”;Don't mention it“不用
谢”;Pardon me“请原谅”。
【句意】——我想度一周的假。——别想了,我们太忙了。
三、阅读理解
Passage 1
【文章大意】本文讲述了培养阅读能力的重要性及方法。
31.【答案】D
【详解】文章第一段和第二段是通过把学习乐器和培养阅读技能进行对比展开的。
32.【答案】A.
【详解】根据第一段“was playing the saxophone on a street corner. His name was Clifford, and he had attracted a large crowd with his performance”, 可以看出 Clifford 非常擅长演奏萨克斯。
33.【答案】A.
【详解】“struck me as...”给人印象深刻的是... ...,可知 A. seemed to be appropriate“似乎是合适的”符合。
34.【答案】B.
【详解】根据第二段“If you learn to read well, you can read anything you want...you can pick up a book, concentrate on it, and made sense of the author's words”,可知能弄清作者要表达的意思。
35.【答案】D.
【详解】根据最后一段“Developing Reading Skills is designed to accomplish several tasks: to show you the skills that will enable you to read with greater comprehension, to help you cope with reading assignment with confidence, and to teach you to become an active reader,可知这本书的目标是帮助学生阅读得更好。
【文章大意】本文主要讲述了东西方在全球经济衰退方面采取的不同解决方案.
36.【答案】C.
【详解】根据语境,可知随着全球经济衰退的侵袭,西方的雇员面临失业的冰冷“前景”, 所以 future 符合。
37.【答案】B.
【详解】根据第二段“which will prevent unemployment and may help Asian economies survive at a time of slowing exports. The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for companies to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, but build up a more loyal and devoted group”,可知薪酬减少的好处不包括降低公司生存的费用。
38.【答案】B.
【详解】根据第三段 “In the Confucian mindset, the right thing to do is to share the burden, which is the sense of collective responsibility”,可知儒家思想集中在分担责任上。
39.【答案】A.
【详解】根据第五段 “US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January”,可知美国的失业率最高，因此工作减少得最多。
40.【答案】D.
【详解】根据最后一段“Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals from abroad”,可知本文主要讲述了东西方在全球经济衰退方面采取的不同解决方案。
Passage 3
【文章大意】Berkeley 发现了一种通过让老鼠感染寄生虫来改变它们天生害怕猫的方法。
41.【答案】C.
【详解】根据第一段 She has found a way to “cure” mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite,可知 Berkeley 发现了一种通过让老鼠感染寄生虫来改变它们天生害怕猫的方法。
42.【答案】A.
【详解】文章第一段指出老鼠即使没有见过猫也会害怕的,可推断出这是天生就刻在老鼠脑子里的一种行为, deeply rooted“深深根植于”符合。
43.【答案】B.
【详解】根据第三段“They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area”,可知受到寄生虫感染的老鼠能够自由随意地在测试区域周围走动。
44.【答案】B.
【详解】寄生虫会对未出生的小孩造成致命性的伤害,故 A 排除;文章只表明这种感染对老鼠的大脑有永久性的改变,并没有提及人类,故 C 排除;寄生虫对人类有危害, 但是并不能说明对老鼠没有危害, 故 D 排除。 文章最后一段指出,
人们一旦受到细菌感染就希望吃抗生素来清除所有的感染并希望所有的症状都能消失。但是这种想法是错误的, 可以推断出 B 是正确的。
45. 【答案】D.
【详解】在整篇文章中, 作者都是在客观地叙述 Wendy Ingram 的新发现。
四、完形填空
【文章大意】老师需要了解青少年经历的情感、智力和身体上的变化. 他们还需要认真思考他们如何才能够最好地适应这些变化。
46.【答案】A. 【详解】give serious thought to"认真考虑”。
47.【答案】C. 【详解】该空应该和前面的 movement 意思相当, exercise“活动,锻炼”是最佳选择。
48.【答案】C. 【详解】confidence“信心”, 后边同一句子中 success 和 accomplishments 可以提示选项。 Assistance“帮助,协助”; guidance“指导,领导”;tolerance“容忍,宽容”和句子意思及提到的两个词不搭配。
49.【答案】B. 【详解】他们的成就被别人羡慕。admired“赞美, 羡慕, 夸奖”; claimed“要求, 声明”; ignored“忽略,忽视”; surpassed“超越, 胜过”。
50.【答案】D. 【详解】wise“明智的,合乎道理的”。这句话大致意思是：然而,青少年的生活本身就已经充满了这么多的竞争, 那么,安排的活动如果有更多获胜者该是明智的。
51.【答案】A. 【详解】displaying“展示, 展出”, 和后面的宾语 student artwork 相搭配,“展出学生自己动手做
的工艺品”。describing“描述,描写”；creating“创造,创作”；exchanging“交流，交换”。
52.【答案】D. 【详解】multiple“多种多样的”, provide multiple opportunities for leadership,“为锻炼领导才能提供很多机会”。excessive“过多的,额外的”。
53.【答案】A. 【详解】group 这里表示“团队,小组”活动。individual“个人的,单独的”;personnel“人员,职员”;corporation“合作,公司”
54.【答案】B. 【详解】害羞的学生需要安全感。
55.【答案】D. 【详解】the young teens have short attention spans“孩子们的注意力集中的时间很短”。attention spans“注意力集中的时间”。
56.【答案】C. 【详解】so that“目的, 为的是”。 这句话意思是：应该组织各种各样的活动，好让参加者能尽可能长时间地保持活跃。
57.【答案】D. 【详解】 something else“别的事情”。
58.【答案】B. 【详解】down“沮丧, 意志消沉”, let sb. down 固定搭配,“让人沮丧,不高兴”, without letting the other participants down 意思是：不让别的参加者感到沮丧。
59.【答案】A. 【详解】On the contrary“相反”, 大意是：这并不是说成年人不必承担责任, 相反, 他们可以帮助学生培养责任心。On the average“平均来说,一般地”; On the whole“总的来说, 大体上”; On the other hand“另一方面”。
60.【答案】C. 【详解】planning for roles“安排任务, 分配任务”。
